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bounds checking
In computer programming, bounds checking is any method of detecting whether a variable is within some bounds before it is used. It is usually used to ensure that a number fits into a given type (range checking), or that a variable being used as an array index is within the bounds of the array (index checking). A failed bounds check usually results in the generation of some sort of exception signal.
Because performing bounds checking during every usage is time-consuming, it is not always done. Bounds-checking elimination is a compiler optimization technique that eliminates unneeded bounds checking.
==Range checking==
A range check is a check to make sure a number is within a certain range; for example, to ensure that a value about to be assigned to a sixteen-bit integer is within the capacity of a sixteen-bit integer (i.e. checking against wrap-around). This is not quite the same as type checking. Other range checks may be more restrictive; for example, a variable to hold the number of a calendar month may be declared to accept only the range 1 to 12.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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